Author: Dr. B Leela Prasad

  • The Courage of a Thirteen-Year-Old Girl Who Refused to Let Scoliosis Define Her Life

    The Courage of a Thirteen-Year-Old Girl Who Refused to Let Scoliosis Define Her Life

    Standing Tall

    Home > Blog >Standing Tall

    The Courage of a Thirteen-Year-Old Girl Who Refused to Let Scoliosis Define Her Life

    The Girl Who Loved School

    At thirteen, Chandana was like every other girl in her class. She loved going to school, laughed with her friends during lunch breaks, and dreamed of becoming a teacher one day. Her school uniform was always neat, her homework was always complete, and she never needed to be reminded to get ready for school. 

     

    Then, one morning, she refused to go. 

    “I don’t want to study anymore,” she told her parents quietly.

    Her mother looked at her in disbelief.

    “What do you mean? You’ve always loved school.”

    “I’ve just lost interest.”

    Her father thought it was a passing phase.

    “Everyone gets tired of school sometimes. You’ll be fine.”

    But Chandana remained firm. She refused to wear her uniform, pack her books, or even step outside the house. Her parents tried everything—reasoning with her, encouraging her, even scolding her. Nothing worked.

     

    The Secret She Had Been Carrying

    After hours of gentle persuasion, Chandana finally broke down.

    “I can’t bear it anymore,” she sobbed.

    “The boys call me names. They laugh when I walk. 

    Even children on the street stare at me and whisper about my bent back.

    I don’t want anyone to see me.”

    Her mother was stunned. She suddenly remembered a conversation nearly a year earlier.

    “Amma, does my back look different?”

    At the time, she had glanced briefly and reassured her daughter.

    “It’s probably because of your heavy school bag. Don’t worry.”

    Believing her mother, Chandana ignored it. But the curve slowly became worse. At first only she noticed it. Later her clothes fitted differently. Soon everyone noticed. The whispers became laughter. The laughter became mockery. Classmates mimicked the way she walked. Children on the street made cruel comments. Each insult gradually weakened her confidence. She stopped looking into mirrors. She stopped making eye contact with people. Finally, she stopped going to school.

     

    A Diagnosis That Changed Everything

    Realizing how much their daughter had suffered, her parents consulted a local orthopedic specialist, who referred them to Dr. B. Leela Prasad, a spine surgeon. After a detailed examination and standing X-rays, Chandana was diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and her spinal curve measured nearly 70 degrees.

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad explained that a curve of this magnitude was likely to progress further and recommended corrective spinal surgery. The word “surgery” terrified the family. They had expected medicines, exercises, or perhaps a brace—not a major spinal operation.

     

    Fear Versus Hope

    The family sought advice from relatives, friends, and neighbors. Almost everyone discouraged surgery.

    “It is too risky.”

    “What if she becomes paralyzed?”

    “She’s only thirteen.”

    “Let her live with the curve.”

    Overwhelmed by fear, her parents decided against surgery.

    When they told Chandana, she quietly asked, “So… I’m supposed to live like this forever?” 

    Her father tried to comfort her.

    “A crooked back is better than risking your life.”

    Chandana stood silently before the mirror. “You don’t understand.”

     

    Every day people laugh at me. Every day I wish I didn’t have to step outside. I’m afraid of surgery.  But I’m more afraid of living the rest of my life hiding from the world. Those words changed everything.

    For the first time, her parents realized how deeply their daughter had suffered. While they focused on the operation’s risks, she endured a different, unseen pain. Over the next few days, they spoke again with Dr. B. Leela Prasad. He carefully explained the procedure, the expected benefits, the possible complications, and the precautions taken to make spinal deformity surgery as safe as possible. He answered every question patiently, ensuring that both Chandana and her parents understood the operation and what recovery would involve.

    Gradually, fear gave way to informed confidence. This time, the decision was not driven by rumors or hearsay but by a clear understanding of the condition and the available treatment. With anxious hearts but renewed hope, Chandana’s parents gave their consent. They agreed to proceed with surgery.

     

    Cjandana Scoliosis treatment

     

    Seven Hours That Changed Her Life

    The day of the surgery finally arrived. On the morning of the operation, Chandana surprised everyone with her calmness. As she was wheeled toward the operating room, she gripped her mother’s hand tightly. “It’s going to be okay,” she whispered. Her parents watched the doors of the operating theater close behind her. 

    For them, the next seven hours felt endless. Inside the operating theater, the surgical team carefully exposed the curved portion of her spine. One by one, pedicle screws were inserted into the vertebrae along the planned levels. The screws were connected with strong titanium rods. Using modern spinal deformity correction techniques, the surgeons gradually restored her spine to a balanced alignment while continuously monitoring the spinal cord and nerves throughout the procedure. The prominent rib hump, produced by the rotation of the spine was also addressed by removing a small portion of the affected ribs, allowing the rib cage to assume a more symmetrical contour. The surgery had gone exactly as planned. 

    When Chandana woke up in the recovery room, she was in considerable pain, as expected after such a major operation. Even before she opened her eyes fully, she sensed something different. For months, whenever she lay on her bed, her body had rested unevenly because of the twisted curve in her spine. Now, for the first time in over a year, her back rested flat against the mattress. She smiled. Without looking into a mirror, she knew. Her back was straight.

     

    Learning to Stand Tall Again

    The days following surgery were challenging. Every movement caused discomfort. Sitting up required courage. Standing seemed almost impossible. Yet Chandana  had already endured something far more painful than physical discomfort—the daily humiliation that had forced her to leave school and hide herself from the world. Compared with that emotional pain, the pain of recovery felt temporary.

    Her resilience amazed everyone around her. On the second postoperative day, with the support of the physiotherapy team, Chandana stood upright for the first time after surgery. A few hesitant steps soon became a slow walk along the hospital corridor. Watching their daughter walk with a straighter posture brought tears of joy to her parents’ eyes.

    Her recovery progressed remarkably well. The surgical wound healed uneventfully over the next two weeks, and each day she grew stronger, more confident, and more independent. Six weeks after surgery, Chandana returned to school. She wore the same uniform she had once been too afraid to put on. This time, she walked through the school gate with her shoulders relaxed and her head held high.

    Some classmates were surprised to see her. Others came forward to welcome her back. The cruel whispers had disappeared. The mocking voices were silent. There were no more catcalls. For the first time in over a year, Chandana walked through the school corridors without fear. She laughed with her friends again. She answered questions in class. The girl who had once hidden herself from the world was slowly learning to stand tall—not just physically, but emotionally.

     

    A New Beginning

    Years passed. Chandana completed her education, married, and built the life she had once feared she would never have. Today, she is the proud mother of two daughters and works at Brandix, where her dedication and sincerity earn her respect. She is financially independent, a loving wife, and a caring mother.

    Sometimes, while helping her daughters get ready for school, she remembers the morning when she herself refused to wear her school uniform. The memory no longer brings sadness. Instead, it fills her with gratitude—gratitude for her parents, who overcame their fears; gratitude for the doctors who treated her with skill and compassion; and gratitude for the opportunity to live the life she once thought she had lost. 

     

    More Than a Straight Spine

    People often ask Chandana what changed her life. They expect her to talk about the operation. Instead, she smiles. “The surgery straightened my spine,” she says. “But courage straightened my life.”

    Her parents, too, learned an unforgettable lesson. Fear had nearly prevented them from choosing the treatment their daughter needed. Looking back, they remain grateful that they ultimately placed their trust in expert medical advice rather than rumors and misconceptions.

    The scar on Chandana’s back remains. She has never tried to hide it. To others, it is simply a surgical scar. To Chandana , it is a symbol of courage, resilience, and a second chance at life. Her journey is not merely about scoliosis surgery.

    It is about a young girl whose dreams were interrupted by a spinal deformity, whose confidence was shattered by cruelty, and whose future was restored through timely diagnosis, compassionate medical care, unwavering family support, and extraordinary determination.

    Today, when people meet Chandana, they do not see scoliosis. They see a confident woman. A devoted wife. A caring mother. Few realize that years earlier, this same girl had been too frightened to walk out of her own front door.

    This is the story of Chandana—a young girl who refused to let a curve define her future and chose to stand tall for the rest of her life.

    Spine Leela Logo

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

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  • From Wheelchair-Bound to Walking Independently: Successful Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy

    From Wheelchair-Bound to Walking Independently: Successful Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy

    Successful Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy

    Home > Blog > From Wheelchair-Bound to Walking Independently: Successful Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy

    From Wheelchair-Bound to Walking Independently: Successful Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy

    Patient Profile

    A 42-year-old male patient, Mr. Jugal Kumar Bhoy, from a neighboring state presented with progressive weakness and paralysis of his right upper and lower limbs. Initially, a brain stroke was suspected, and a CT scan of the brain was performed. However, the scan revealed no abnormalities.

    Despite treatment, his symptoms rapidly worsened over the following days, eventually leaving him wheelchair-bound and unable to perform routine daily activities independently.

    At this critical stage, he consulted Dr. B. Leela Prasad at Amulya Hospital. Following a detailed clinical evaluation and neurological examination, cervical spinal cord pathology was suspected. An MRI scan of the cervical spine was subsequently advised.

    The MRI revealed ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) causing severe spinal cord compression at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels, explaining the patient’s rapidly deteriorating neurological condition.

    Considering the severity of the compression and the progressive loss of function, urgent surgical intervention was recommended after a thorough discussion of the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes.

    Understanding Cervical Myelopathy

    Cervical myelopathy occurs when the spinal cord in the neck region becomes compressed due to conditions such as:

    • Degenerative cervical disc disease
    • Disc prolapse
    • Bone spurs (osteophytes)
    • Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)
    • Cervical spinal canal narrowing (stenosis)

    If left untreated, cervical myelopathy can lead to progressive neurological decline and permanent disability.

    Common Symptoms

    • Difficulty walking
    • Loss of balance and coordination
    • Weakness in the arms and legs
    • Numbness or tingling sensations
    • Reduced hand dexterity
    • Difficulty performing daily activities

    In this patient’s case, the disease progressed rapidly, resulting in severe weakness and loss of mobility, necessitating urgent surgical treatment.

    Expert Assessment by Dr. B. Leela Prasad

    After a comprehensive neurological examination and radiological evaluation, Dr. B. Leela Prasad diagnosed severe cervical spinal cord compression secondary to OPLL.

    The primary objectives of treatment were:

    • Relieve pressure on the spinal cord
    • Prevent further neurological deterioration
    • Restore neurological function
    • Improve mobility and independence
    • Enhance overall quality of life

    Given the severity of cord compression and the patient’s rapidly worsening symptoms, surgical decompression was considered the most appropriate treatment option.

    The Surgical Solution: Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)

    To address the spinal cord compression, Dr. Leela Prasad performed an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF), a well-established procedure for treating cervical myelopathy.

    The Procedure Involved

    • Removal of the diseased cervical discs
    • Excision of the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)
    • Complete decompression of the spinal cord
    • Restoration of normal cervical alignment
    • Stabilization of the cervical spine using specialized implants and fusion techniques

    Postoperative imaging confirmed successful decompression and accurate placement of the cervical fixation system, resulting in restored spinal stability.

    Recovery and Rehabilitation

    Following surgery, the patient demonstrated encouraging neurological recovery.

    With structured rehabilitation and physiotherapy, he gradually regained strength, coordination, balance, and functional mobility.

    Improvements Observed

    • Improved balance and gait
    • Better coordination and stability
    • Increased strength in the lower limbs
    • Enhanced control of body movements
    • Greater independence in daily activities

    One of the most remarkable aspects of his recovery was the restoration of functional mobility that had been severely compromised before surgery.

    Outcome

    The surgical outcome was highly successful, with significant neurological and functional improvement.

    Walking Independently

    Before surgery, the patient had become wheelchair-bound due to progressive weakness and imbalance. Following treatment and rehabilitation, he regained the ability to walk independently with confidence and improved coordination.

    Performing Squatting Movements

    Postoperative video documentation demonstrated the patient’s ability to perform squatting movements successfully, reflecting substantial improvement in lower limb strength, flexibility, and motor control.

    Restored Confidence and Independence

    Beyond physical recovery, the patient regained confidence and independence, enabling him to return to normal daily activities and enjoy a significantly improved quality of life.

    Why Early Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy Is Important

    Cervical myelopathy is a progressive condition that often worsens if left untreated. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to prevent irreversible spinal cord damage.

    Warning Signs to Watch For

    • Difficulty walking
    • Frequent falls or balance problems
    • Hand weakness or clumsiness
    • Neck pain or stiffness
    • Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs
    • Difficulty with fine motor tasks such as buttoning clothes or writing

    Seeking medical evaluation at the earliest stage can greatly improve treatment outcomes and recovery potential.

    Why Patients Choose Dr. B. Leela Prasad

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is recognized for his expertise in the management of complex spinal disorders and advanced cervical spine surgery.

    Patients Benefit From

    • Comprehensive spine evaluations
    • Expertise in cervical spine procedures
    • Advanced surgical techniques
    • Personalized treatment planning
    • Strong focus on patient safety and recovery
    • Extensive experience in treating cervical myelopathy and spinal cord compression

    Advanced Spine Care at Amulya Hospital

    Amulya Hospital offers comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for a wide range of spinal disorders, including:

    • Cervical myelopathy
    • Disc prolapse
    • Spinal stenosis
    • Scoliosis
    • Spinal trauma
    • Degenerative spine disorders

    The hospital combines advanced imaging, modern surgical techniques, and structured rehabilitation programs to achieve optimal patient outcomes.

    Conclusion

    This case demonstrates the life-changing impact of timely diagnosis and expert surgical management of cervical myelopathy. Through accurate diagnosis, advanced ACDF surgery, and dedicated postoperative rehabilitation, Dr. B. Leela Prasad successfully helped the patient regain mobility, independence, and confidence.

    Today, the patient is able to walk independently, perform daily activities comfortably, and enjoy a significantly improved quality of life. His recovery serves as an inspiring example of how specialized spine care can restore neurological function and help patients return to active, fulfilling lives.

    Disclaimer: Individual results may vary. Treatment recommendations depend on each patient’s specific condition, clinical findings, and overall health status.

     

    Spine Leela Logo

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

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  • Spinal Implants—Frequently Asked Questions

    Spinal Implants—Frequently Asked Questions

    Spinal Implants—Frequently Asked Questions

    Home > Blog > Spinal Implants—Frequently Asked Questions

    Spinal Implants

    🔹 What are spinal implants?

    Spinal implants are medical devices placed inside the body during spine surgery

    🔹 What types of spinal implants are commonly used?

    Pedicle screws, hooks, and rods: Used to stabilize the spine and hold the bones in proper alignment.

    Plates: Commonly used in the cervical spine (neck) to support stability and protect the bone graft.

    Interbody cages: Placed between vertebrae to maintain disc height and promote bone fusion.

    Artificial discs: Used to replace damaged spinal discs while preserving spinal motion.

    Wires and connectors: Sometimes used to provide additional support in complex spinal surgeries.

    The type of implant used depends on:

    • The patient’s spinal condition
    • Age
    • Bone quality
    • Surgical goals

    🔹 What materials are spinal implants made of?

    Most spinal implants are made from:

    • Titanium 
    • Cobalt-chromium alloys
    • Medical-grade plastics (eg, PEEK)
    • Stainless steel

    These materials are safe, biocompatible, and well-tested for use in the human body.

    🔹 What are the indications for spinal implants?

    Spinal implants are used to stabilize, support, or correct the spine in conditions such as:

    • Spinal instability causing pain and functional impairment (spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis)
    • Spinal deformities (scoliosis, kyphosis) — to correct deformity and maintain spinal alignment
    • Spine fractures and dislocations — to restore alignment, stabilize the spine, relieve pain, and allow early mobilization
    • Spinal tumors and infections — to stabilize and reconstruct the spine
    • Failed previous spine surgery (revision surgery)
    • Slipped disc and spinal canal stenosis when significant bone removal is required for adequate decompression

    🔹 Do spinal implants help in bone healing?

    Yes. Many spinal implants are designed to facilitate bone healing by providing stability, especially after spinal fusion surgery. However, implants themselves do not directly heal bone.

    During spinal fusion surgery, a bone graft is placed along with the implants. The implants keep the spine stable while the bone graft gradually grows and fuses adjacent vertebrae into one solid bone over several months.

    🔹 Are spinal implants safe?

    Yes. Spinal implants are generally very safe, and complications are uncommon.

    Possible complications include:

    • Infection
    • Implant loosening or breakage
    • Malpositioning of implants
    • allergic reactions( very rare)

    Usually, surgeons take several precautions to minimize these risks.

    🔹 What is malpositioning of spinal implants?

    Malpositioning means that a screw, rod, cage, or other implant is not placed in the ideal position during surgery.

    Depending on the severity and location, possible complications include:

    • Persistent back or neck pain
    • Nerve injury causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness
    • Spinal cord injury (rare but serious)
    • Implant loosening or failure
    • Poor bone fusion (non-union)
    • Reduced deformity correction
    • Damage to nearby blood vessels, lungs, or internal organs
    • Need for revision surgery

    Precise surgical techniques and modern technologies improve implant accuracy and reduce complications.

    🔹 Can I walk and do normal activities after surgery?

    Yes. Most patients are encouraged to start walking within a day or two after surgery, and daily activities are gradually resumed over weeks to months, depending on the procedure and overall condition. 

    However, during early recovery, patients are usually advised to avoid heavy lifting, excessive bending/twisting and high-impact activities

    🔹 Will spinal implants remain in the body forever, or do they need to be removed?

    In most cases, spinal implants are designed to remain in the body permanently. They are made from biocompatible materials and usually do not need removal once the bone has healed and the spine is stable.

    Implant removal is uncommon and may be considered if the patient develops:

    • Infection
    • Implant loosening or breakage
    • Persistent pain or irritation
    • Rare allergic reactions

    Important exception:

    When implants are used temporarily to stabilize lumbar spine fractures, especially in younger patients, surgeons may sometimes remove them  1–2 years after the fracture has healed. It may help restore lower back movement and flexibility.

    Overall, most patients live their entire lives with spinal implants without problems.

    🔹 Will I feel the implant inside my body?

    Usually not. Most patients do not feel the implant once healing is complete.

    🔹 Will spinal implants trigger metal detectors?

    Usually not. Most spinal implants do not trigger airport security alarms.

    🔹 Can patients undergo MRI scans after spinal implant surgery?

    Yes. Most modern implants, especially titanium implants, are MRI-compatible and safe for MRI scans.

    🔹 Can spinal implants fail or break?

    Yes. Although modern spinal implants are very durable, breakage can occur, especially if healing does not occur properly.

    Common causes of implant failure include:

    • Failure of bone fusion (pseudarthrosis)
    • Excessive mechanical stress
    • Poor bone quality (such as osteoporosis)
    • Infection
    • Long spinal constructs
    • Implant fatigue over time
    • Improper spinal alignment or surgical factors

    🔹 Do spinal implants cure back pain completely?

    Not always. Spinal implants can stabilize the spine, reduce pain caused by instability and improve quality of life.

    However, some patients may continue to have mild discomfort even after successful surgery.

    🔹 Is spine surgery with implants very risky?

    Spine surgery is a major procedure, but modern surgical techniques have made it much safer than before.

    Most patients achieve good outcomes when they have surgery for the right reasons and follow it with proper rehabilitation.

    🔹 Can I live a normal life after spinal implant surgery?

    Yes, most patients return to normal daily activities. resume work, travel, and participate in exercise and recreational activities

    Many people lead active and healthy lives after recovery from spinal implant surgery.

     

    Spinal Implant—Dr. B. Leela Prasad Spine Specialist

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad at Amulya Hospital specializes in spine surgery in Visakhapatnam and provides advanced surgical and nonsurgical treatment for patients suffering from spine disorders, fractures, disc problems, and spinal instability. With expert care, modern surgical techniques, and personalized recovery support, patients receive effective treatment for long-term spine health and improved mobility.

     

    Spine Leela Logo

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

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  • Common Myths About Spine Surgery

    Common Myths About Spine Surgery

    Common Myths About Spine Surgery

    Home > Blog > Common Myths About Spine Surgery

     

    1. Myth: Spine surgery is always the first treatment for back pain

    Fact:
    Most spine problems do not require surgery. The majority of patients improve with a short period of rest, appropriate medications, physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes.

    Surgery is considered only in a small percentage of cases—typically when these treatments do not provide relief or when there is significant nerve compression causing severe symptoms.


    2. Myth: Spine surgery is only for elderly patients.

    Fact:
    Spine surgery may be required in people of any age, depending on the condition. Problems such as disc prolapse, spondylolisthesis, fractures, deformities, infections, or tumors can occur in younger as well as older individuals.


    3. Myth: Spine surgery, when required, must always be done as an emergency or else the patient will become paralyzed

    Fact:
    Most spine surgeries are not emergencies and can be safely planned after proper evaluation and imaging.

    Emergency surgery is needed only in specific situations, such as:

     

      • Severe spinal cord compression causing rapidly progressing weakness  of limbs and/or  loss of bowel and bladder control

      • Spinal trauma causing instability

    A spine specialist will determine whether surgery is urgent, elective, or not required, based on the patient’s condition.


    4. Myth: Spine surgeons recommend surgery for all patients.

    Fact:
    This is a common misunderstanding. Spine surgeons treat the majority of patients without surgery using medications, physiotherapy, exercise, and lifestyle changes. Spine surgeons are specially trained to diagnose spine problems and decide the most appropriate treatment, whether non-surgical or surgical. Surgery is recommended only when necessary.


    5. Myth: Spine surgery is always very risky.

    Fact:
    Modern spine surgery has become much safer due to advances in surgical techniques, better imaging, improved anesthesia, and enhanced perioperative care. Many procedures today are minimally invasive, which means smaller incisions, less tissue damage, and faster recovery.

    Patients are carefully evaluated before surgery, and the benefits, risks, and alternatives are thoroughly discussed.

    6. Myth: Spine surgery leaves large scars and requires long hospital stays.

    Fact:
    Many spine surgeries today are minimally invasive, involving smaller incisions, less muscle damage, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery.


    7 Myth: Spine surgery requires months of bed rest.

    Fact:
    With modern techniques, patients are usually encouraged to start walking within a day or two after surgery. Early mobilization helps recovery and reduces complications.


    8. Myth: Recovery after spine surgery is very slow.

    Fact:
    Recovery after spine surgery varies depending on the severity and duration of the underlying condition, the type of surgery performed, and the patient’s overall health. With proper rehabilitation and medical guidance, many patients are able to return to their daily activities within a few weeks.

    However, in certain situations—especially when the spinal cord or nerves have been compressed for a long time before surgery—recovery may take longer. In such cases, improvement is often gradual and may sometimes be incomplete, depending on the extent of nerve damage prior to treatment.


    9. Myth: Patients cannot return to sports or dancing after spine surgery.

    Fact:
    After proper recovery and rehabilitation, many patients can return to sports, exercise, and dancing, depending on the type of surgery and medical advice.


    10. Myth: Spine surgery means permanent disability.

    Fact:
    Most patients return to normal daily activities, work, and exercise after recovery.


    11. Myth: The risk of nerve injury or paralysis after spine surgery is very high.

    Fact:
    The risk of nerve injury or paralysis is very low in most spine surgeries. Even in complex procedures, the risk is generally low when surgery is performed by experienced spine surgeons using modern techniques and safety measures.

    Many spine operations are actually performed to relieve pressure on nerves or the spinal cord and prevent permanent nerve damage.


    12. Myth: Once you have spine surgery, you will need repeated surgeries.

    Fact:
    Most patients do not require repeat surgeries. When surgery is performed for the right indication and followed by proper rehabilitation, many patients experience long-term relief.

    However, some spine conditions, such as disc prolapse, can recur over time, and natural aging may lead to degeneration at other levels of the spine. Hence, a small percentage of patients may require additional surgery later.


    13. Myth: Eating dal after spine surgery causes surgical wound infection.

    Fact:
    Eating dal does not cause wound infection. In fact, dal is a rich source of protein, which is essential for wound healing and recovery after surgery.

    Wound infections (surgical site infections) are usually caused by germs entering the surgical wound during or after surgery. Several factors can contribute to this, including a breach in sterile technique, inadequate sterilization of instruments or the operating environment, excessive tissue handling, or blood loss during surgery.

    Patient-related factors such as uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, poor hygiene, low immunity, smoking, and improper wound care after surgery also increase the risk.


    14. Myth: Spine surgery should be done only by neurosurgeons.

    Fact:
    Spine surgery is performed by both neurosurgeons and orthopedic spine surgeons who have specialized training in spine care.

     

      • Neurosurgeons traditionally focus more on intradural problems such as spinal cord tumors and nerve-related conditions.

      • Orthopedic spine surgeons often focus more on extradural problems such as spinal malalignment, deformities, fractures, and spinal stabilization.

    The most important factor is the surgeon’s expertise, training, and experience in spine surgery.


    15. Myth: Major spine surgeries are done only in metro cities.

    Fact:
    Major spine surgeries are no more limited to metro cities. With advancements in medical technology and training, many well-equipped hospitals in smaller cities and towns are now capable of performing complex spine procedures safely and effectively.

    Qualified spine surgeons, modern operation theatres, advanced imaging, and improved anesthesia care are increasingly available beyond metro areas. As a result, patients can often receive high-quality spine care closer to home.


    16. Myth: It is better to avoid spine surgery at all costs.

    Fact:
    When surgery is recommended for the right reasons and at the right time, it can relieve severe pain, protect nerves, and significantly improve quality of life.


    ✅ Key Message:


    Spine surgery is not required for most patients, but when necessary, it can be safe, effective, and life-changing, helping relieve pain and restore normal function.


    Best Spine Surgeon in Vizag – Dr. B. Leela Prasad, Amulya Hospital

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the most trusted and experienced spine surgeons in Vizag, currently practicing at Amulya Hospital. With many years of experience in orthopaedics and spine surgery, he specializes in treating conditions such as slip disc, sciatica, spinal deformities, and complex spine infections.

    Known for his patient-centric approach, Dr. Leela Prasad focuses on accurate diagnosis and prefers non-surgical treatments whenever possible, recommending surgery only when necessary. He is skilled in advanced and minimally invasive spine procedures, ensuring faster recovery and better outcomes for patients.

    At Amulya Hospital, patients benefit from modern facilities, advanced technology, and personalized care, making it a reliable destination for comprehensive spine treatment in Visakhapatnam.

    Spine Leela Logo

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

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  • Common Myths About Back Pain

    Common Myths About Back Pain

    Common Myths About Back Pain

    1. Myth: Back pain always means there is a serious spine problem.

    Fact:
    Most episodes of back pain are due to muscle strain, poor posture, or unaccustomed activity. They usually improve with rest, physiotherapy, and simple medication. Only a small percentage of cases are caused by serious conditions such as infection, tumors, or disc related problems.

     2. Myth: Back pain and spine problems occur only in elderly people.

    Fact:
    Back pain and other spine disorders can affect people of all ages, including young adults and adolescents. Conditions such as disc prolapse, sports injuries, or infections can occur even in younger individuals.

     3. Myth: Back pain in elderly people is a normal part of aging, and nothing needs to be done.

    Fact:
    Although back pain in older adults is often related to age-related wear and tear, it is not an inevitable part of aging and should not be ignored. It may also be caused by serious conditions such as infection, fractures, or cancer. Proper medical evaluation and timely treatment can significantly reduce pain and improve mobility.

     4. Myth: Spinal anesthesia injections cause back pain later in life.

    Fact:
    Spinal anesthesia does not cause long-term back pain. The injection is given in the lower back with a very fine needle and temporarily affects the nerves to provide anesthesia during surgery.

    Some patients may experience mild soreness at the injection site for a few days, but this usually resolves on its own and does not lead to chronic back pain.

     5. Myth: Lifting weights in the gym causes back pain.

    Fact:
    Weight training does not necessarily cause back pain. When done correctly and under proper guidance, it can actually strengthen the muscles that support the spine.

    Back pain during gym activities usually occurs due to:

      • Improper lifting technique

      • Lifting excessive weight beyond one’s capacity

      • Lack of proper warm-up

      • Weak core muscles

      • Sudden increase in training intensity

    Strengthening the core, back, and abdominal muscles can actually reduce the risk of back pain.

     6. Myth: Back pain always shows up on X-ray or MRI. If scans are normal, the pain must not be real.

    Fact:
    Many people experience back pain due to muscle or soft-tissue strain, which may not appear on X-ray or MRI scans. Pain can still be real even when imaging tests are normal.

     7. Myth: Complete bed rest is the best treatment for back pain.

    Fact:
    Prolonged bed rest can worsen back pain by weakening muscles and stiffening joints. A short period of rest followed by gentle activity and physiotherapy is usually recommended.

     8. Myth: People with back pain should sleep on the floor or a hard bench.

    Fact:
    Sleeping on a very hard surface is not necessary and may even increase discomfort by putting extra pressure on the shoulders, hips, and spine.

    Doctors usually recommend a medium-firm mattress that supports the natural curves of the spine and allows the muscles to relax.

     9. Myth: Oil massage alone can cure back pain.

    Fact:
    Massage may provide temporary relief, but it does not treat underlying causes such as spinal stenosis, disc problems, or muscle imbalance.

     10. Myth: Wearing a back belt all the time will fix back pain.

    Fact:
    Long-term use of back belts may actually weaken the back muscles. They are usually recommended only for short-term support in specific situations.

     11. Myth: Once you have back pain, you should stop exercising permanently.

    Fact:
    Regular exercise and strengthening of the back and core muscles help prevent future episodes of back pain and improve spinal health.

     12. Myth: If you have a slipped disc, surgery is the only option.

    Fact:
    Many patients with disc prolapse recover with a short period of rest, medications and physiotherapy. Surgery is required only in a small percentage of cases, particularly when there is severe nerve compression or progressive weakness.

     Back Pain Treatment By Dr. B. Leela Prasad

    To get effective relief from chronic back pain, you can talk to Dr. B. Leela Prasad, who is one of the best spine doctors in Visakhapatnam. He has a lot of experience diagnosing and treating spinal issues. He offers expert therapy for conditions like slip disc treatment, sciatica, spinal degeneration, and persistent back pain. His method is based on making the right diagnosis, creating tailored treatment programs, and using advanced spine care procedures to help people move again and enhance their quality of life. Patients seeking reliable back pain treatment in Vizag trust his expertise for both non-surgical management and advanced spine procedures.

  • Common Myths About Scoliosis – And the Truth

    Common Myths About Scoliosis – And the Truth

    Common Myths About Scoliosis

    Home > Blog > Common Myths About Scoliosis

    Scoliosis Treatment in Vizag

    Common Myths About Scoliosis

    Scoliosis is one of the most misunderstood spinal conditions. Many patients and families have concerns based on information they hear from friends, relatives, or social media. Understanding the facts can help patients make informed decisions about diagnosis, treatment, and long-term spine health.


    🔹 Myth 1: “Carrying heavy school bags/backpacks causes scoliosis.”

    Truth: Carrying heavy school bags may cause temporary back or shoulder pain, but it does not cause scoliosis.

    A heavy bag can strain muscles, but it will not permanently change the shape of the spine.


    🔹 Myth 2: “Scoliosis is caused by poor posture.”

    Truth: Poor posture does not cause scoliosis. Slouching may make asymmetry more noticeable, but it does not create a structural spinal curve.


    🔹 Myth 3: “Scoliosis only affects girls.”

    Truth: Both boys and girls can develop scoliosis . However, girls are more likely to have curves that progress and require treatment.


    🔹 Myth 4: “Scoliosis always causes visible deformity.”

    Truth: Many scoliosis curves are mild and barely noticeable. Possible signs include uneven shoulders, rib prominence, or waist asymmetry, but not everyone has obvious physical changes.


    🔹 Myth 5: “Scoliosis is painful.”

    Truth: Scoliosis in children and adolescents is usually painless. Pain is more common in adults with long-standing curves or degenerative changes, but many people with scoliosis live completely pain-free.


    🔹 Myth 6: “Scoliosis can be corrected by exercise and physiotherapy.”

    Truth: Exercise and physiotherapy improve strength, posture, and comfort, but they usually do not permanently straighten a structural curve.

    Specialized programs such as the Schroth method may help manage progression and improve symmetry, but they are not a guaranteed cure.


    🔹 Myth 7: “Braces cure scoliosis.”

    Truth: Bracing does not cure scoliosis. It helps prevent the curve from worsening while a child is still growing.


    🔹 Myth 8: “Everyone with scoliosis needs surgery.”

    Truth: Surgery is recommended only for severe or rapidly progressing curves. Most patients are either monitored regularly or treated with bracing.


    🔹 Myth 9: “If you need surgery, you’ll never be active again.”

    Truth: Most patients return to sports, dance, and everyday activities within a few months after surgery.

    Although procedures such as spinal fusion may reduce flexibility in treated segments, patients are generally encouraged to remain active once healing is complete.


    🔹 Myth 10: “Females cannot have normal childbirth after scoliosis surgery.”

    Truth: Most women who undergo scoliosis correction surgery can conceive normally, carry pregnancy safely, and deliver vaginally.

    Scoliosis surgery does not affect the uterus, ovaries, or hormonal function, so fertility is typically unaffected.


    🔹 Myth 11: “Children stop growing taller after scoliosis correction surgery.”

    Truth: Children do not automatically stop growing after scoliosis surgery.

    Most procedures are performed near or after the adolescent growth spurt, when most spinal growth is already complete.

    Many children actually become taller immediately after surgery because the curved spine is straightened.

    Spinal fusion stops growth only in the fused segments. Growth of the unfused spine, legs, and the rest of the body continues until skeletal maturity.

    Important:
    In very young children with early-onset scoliosis, surgeons may use growth-friendly techniques instead of full fusion to allow continued spinal growth.

    🔹 Myth 12: “Scoliosis surgery is very risky and often causes serious complications like paralysis.”

    Truth: Scoliosis correction is a complex procedure, but with modern techniques and intraoperative monitoring, it is considered safe when performed by experienced spine deformity surgeons.

    Serious complications such as paralysis are very rare.


    🔹 Myth 13: “Complex spine surgeries can only be done in major metropolitan cities.”

    Truth: In the past, scoliosis correction was largely concentrated in metropolitan centers due to the need for highly specialized surgeons, advanced ICUs, experienced anesthesia teams, and specialized instrumentation.

    Over the past decade, spine care has advanced significantly. Surgical expertise, modern technology, and advanced hospital infrastructure are now available in many Tier-2 cities.

    As a result, complex spine surgeries such as scoliosis correction can be safely and successfully performed in well-equipped centers, including Visakhapatnam, provided the necessary expertise, technology, and multidisciplinary support are available.

    Looking for scoliosis treatment?
    Consult Dr. B. Leela Prasad , an experienced spine surgeon in Visakhapatnam, for expert evaluation and personalized treatment.

    Common Myths About Scoliosis — Dr. B. Leela Prasad | Spine Specialist, Visakhapatnam

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis, spinal deformities, and complex spine disorders. With advanced surgical expertise and modern treatment approaches, patients receive comprehensive care for long-term spinal health, improved posture, and enhanced quality of life.

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    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

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  • Scoliosis: All you need to know

    Scoliosis: All you need to know

    Scoliosis: All you need to know

    What is Scoliosis

    Scoliosis is a structural spinal disorder in which the spine curves sideways rather than remaining straight. Normally, the spine has gentle front-to-back curves that help maintain balance and absorb shock. In scoliosis, however, there is a side-to-side curvature, often accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae.

    The condition is most commonly detected in children and adolescents, particularly during periods of rapid growth, although it can affect individuals of any age. Earlier consultation for scoliosis treatment from an expert doctor can help you understand more about the condition, treatment, and medication.

    Types and causes

    • Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: This is the most common type, accounting for nearly 80% of cases. It develops during adolescence and occurs more frequently in girls. Although the exact cause remains unknown, genetic, hormonal, and neuromuscular factors are believed to contribute.
    • Congenital scoliosis: This results from abnormal vertebral development during fetal growth. The vertebrae may be fused, missing, or incompletely formed.
    • Neuromuscular scoliosis: It arises secondary to conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injury, in which weakened or imbalanced muscles are unable to provide adequate support to the spine.
    • Degenerative scoliosis: It develops in older adults as a result of age-related wear and tear of the intervertebral discs and facet joints, leading to progressive spinal curvature.

    Symptoms

    Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the curvature.

    Visible Signs:

    • Uneven shoulders
    • Tilted waistline
    • One hip higher than the other
    • Rib prominence when bending forward

    Mild cases may go unnoticed and are often detected during routine screening.

    Children and adolescents typically do not experience pain. However, adults may report pain and stiffness of the back.

    In severe cases, significant curvature can reduce chest cavity space, potentially causing breathing difficulties and, rarely, impaired heart function.

    Scoliosis Treatment

    Diagnosis and Imaging

    Scoliosis is typically diagnosed by a physical examination. The spinal curvature becomes more apparent when the patient is asked to bend forward, a maneuver known as the forward bend test.

    X-rays are used to confirm the diagnosis and to measure the severity of the curvature using the Cobb angle. Curves less than 20 degrees are generally classified as mild, those between 20 and 40 degrees as moderate, and curves greater than 40–50 degrees as severe.

    MRI scans are done to rule out underlying abnormalities of the spinal cord.

    Follow-Up and Risk of Progression

    • Growing children require regular follow-up, typically with X-rays every six months, to monitor changes in the spinal curvature.
    • The risk of curve progression depends on several factors, including the child’s age, remaining growth potential, and the magnitude of the curve at the time of diagnosis.

    Treatment

    Treatment depends on:

    • Curve severity
    • Patient’s age
    • Remaining growth
    • Risk of progression

    Mild curves in adolescents who have completed growth often require no active treatment but should be monitored.


    Bracing

    It is a key treatment option for moderate scoliosis, particularly in children and adolescents who are still growing. While braces do not correct or straighten the spine, they are effective in preventing further progression of the curve. For optimal effectiveness, the brace must be worn for about 20 hours per day. They are usually worn under clothing. Children wearing braces can continue to participate in most daily activities, and once growth is complete, bracing may no longer be necessary.

    Surgical Correction

    Surgery is generally recommended for:

    • Curves greater than 50°
    • Curves likely to progress despite conservative management

    The procedure typically involves:

    • Placement of titanium screws in vertebrae
    • Connecting the screws with rods to correct alignment
    • Correcting the deformity with controlled manoevers
    • Bone grafting to achieve spinal fusion

    Fusion stabilises the spine and prevents further worsening of the curve.

    Complications of Surgery

    Scoliosis correction is a major surgical procedure with potential risks and complications.

    Immediate Complications:

    • Significant blood loss
    • Weakness or paralysis due to spinal cord injury
    • Anaesthesia-related complications
    • Need for postoperative ICU care
    • Implant-related problems
    • Wound infection

    Late Complications:

    • Progression above or below the fused segment
    • Delayed wound infection

    The risk of surgical complications can be reduced through meticulous planning and the surgeon’s skill and experience in execution.

    Lifestyle and Supportive Care

    Non-medical measures play an important supportive role:

    • Physical therapy to improve muscle balance and posture
    • Core strengthening exercises
    • Swimming, yoga, and Pilates for flexibility and fitness
    • Psychological support for body image concerns and emotional well-being

    Adolescents may experience stress or self-consciousness, making emotional support essential.

    Outlook

    Scoliosis is no longer considered a disabling condition. With modern medical and surgical advancements, individuals with scoliosis can lead active, productive lives. Women can safely bear children, even after corrective surgery.

    Effective treatment is now available in many well-equipped hospitals, not just major metropolitan centers.

    Why Choose Spine Leela for Scoliosis Treatment in Vizag?

    Choosing treatment with Dr. B. Leela Prasad at Spine Leela for scoliosis treatment in Vizag is one of the best decisions for patients seeking expert spine care. With extensive experience in diagnosing and managing spinal deformities, he provides personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s condition and age.

     

    At Spine Leela, advanced diagnostic tools, modern surgical techniques, and compassionate care ensure safe, effective, and long-term results for scoliosis patients in Vizag.

     

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    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

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  • 10 FAQs Regarding Slip Disc Treatment.

    10 FAQs Regarding Slip Disc Treatment.

    10 FAQs Regarding Slip Disc Treatment

    1. What is a slipped disc?

    A slipped disc (also called a herniated or prolapsed disc) happens when the soft gel-like center (nucleus pulposus) of a spinal disc pushes out through a tear in the outer layer (annulus fibrosus). This can press on nearby nerves and cause pain, numbness, or weakness.  To get the best slip disc treatment, you need to consult a top spine specialist for better understanding.

    2. Does it occur only in the lower back?

    Slipped disc commonly occurs not only in the lower back (lumbar spine) but also in the neck (cervical spine) as well. It can rarely occur in the mid back (thoracic spine)


    3. What are the common symptoms?

    Symptoms depend on the level (cervical/thoracic/lumbar) of the disc prolapse. Common symptoms are:

    Lumbar (lower back) disc prolapse:

    • Lower back pain
    • Pain radiating down the leg (sciatica)
    • Numbness or tingling in legs
    • Muscle weakness

    Cervical (neck) disc prolapse:

    • Neck pain
    • Pain radiating to the shoulder/arm/forearm or hand.
    • Tingling or numbness in fingers
    • Weak grip strength

    4. Do all people with slipped discs have symptoms?

    No, many people with slipped discs do not have symptoms.

    5. How is it diagnosed?

    A slipped disc is suspected by a good clinical history and thorough physical examination of the patient and confirmed by an MRI scan.

    X-rays are done to rule out other problems and also help in surgical planning.

    6. Can a disc prolapse heal on its own?

    Yes. The symptoms of a slipped disc resolve within 4-6 weeks in more than 90% of patients.

    6. Are alternative systems of medicine (like Ayurveda, homeopathy, etc.) effective in treating slipped discs?

    As mentioned above, the symptoms of a slipped disc resolve within 4-6 weeks in more than 90% of patients irrespective of the treatment modality. This is the natural history of a slipped disc.

    7. What is the role of spinal injections in the treatment of slipped disc? Do they provide permanent relief?

    Spinal injections like selective nerve root blocks provide good pain relief and are generally indicated in patients not responding to medication or those with severe pain.

    However, the duration of pain relief is highly unpredictable. It may vary from a few days to a few years. In some patients, the pain relief may be permanent.

    8. Do spinal injections have any serious side effects? Can they be repeated?

    Spinal injections are considered very safe; the incidence of side effects is very rare. They can be repeated if the pain recurs.

    9. How often is surgery required for patients with slipped discs?

    Surgery is required in less than 5% of patients. To know if surgery is necessary or not, you need to consult a top spine specialist for slip disc treatment.

    10. How soon can the patient get back to work after surgery for slipped disc

    With the advent of minimally invasive procedures like microdiscectomy and endoscopic discectomy, patients can get back to office jobs as early as a few days.

    However, patients need to wait for a few weeks before getting back to heavy manual labor.

     

  • 10 FAQs regarding TB Spine

    10 FAQs regarding TB Spine

    10 FAQs regarding TB Spine


    Q1. Many people think TB affects only the lungs. Does it really affect the spine?

    Though TB commonly affects the lungs, it can also affect bones and joints (called skeletal tuberculosis).
    In fact, the spine is the most common site of bone TB. Get the best tuberculosis spine treatment in Vizag from Dr. B. Leela Prasad.


    Q2. Can healthy people get TB spine? Or does it affect only poor or malnourished people?

    Anyone can get TB spine—young or old, healthy or sick, educated or not, well-nourished or undernourished.

    TB spine is a medical condition—not a reflection of lifestyle, hygiene, education, or social status.

    However, the risk is higher in:

    • People with diabetes
    • Patients with HIV
    • Patients on long-term steroids/chemotherapy/immune-suppressive medications

    Q3. Does TB spine spread by sharing food or close contact with a patient?

    No. TB spine is not contagious. It does not spread from person to person.

    Only lung TB (pulmonary TB) spreads through air when an infected person coughs. Spinal TB itself does not spread.


    Q4. Does TB spine always cause fever, cough, weight loss, and loss of appetite?

    • Fever, weight loss, and loss of appetite may be present in some patients — but not all.
    • Cough is present only in patients with lung TB.

    Patients with TB spine do not have cough unless they also have lung TB.


    Q5. How is back pain due to TB spine different from routine back pain?

    Back pain due to TB spine is often more severe, persistent, progressive and  worse at night.. Unlike routine back pain it doesn’t improve with rest or painkillers.


    Q6. Does TB spine always need surgery, or can it be treated with medication?

    TB spine is primarily a medical disease and can be cured with proper anti-TB medication alone.

    Surgery is needed only in selected cases, such as:

    • Weakness or paralysis due to nerve compression
    • Severe or worsening deformity (hump)
    • Spinal instability
    • Large abscess
    • No improvement despite proper medication

    Most patients recover without surgery. For more information about the treatment, it is recommended to consult the best spine specialist near me.


    Q7. Does TB spine cause paralysis? If yes, does it recover?

    Paralysis is uncommon and usually occurs when:

    • Diagnosis is delayed
    • Treatment is inadequate

    If treated early, paralysis often recovers well.
    However, if treatment or surgery is delayed, recovery may be incomplete.

    Early diagnosis is key.


    Q8. Are anti-TB drugs safe? Do they have serious side effects?

    Anti-TB drugs are very effective and safe for most patients.

    However,  they can cause serious side effects in a small number of patients. Treatment should therefore always be administered under close medical supervision.

    Never stop medicines without consulting your doctor.


    Q9. How long should a patient take anti-TB medication? What happens if treatment is stopped midway?

    Patients with TB spine usually need anti-TB treatment for at least 9 months, depending on medical advice.

    Stopping medication early or taking it irregularly can:

    • Cause recurrence of the disease
    • Lead to drug resistance
    • Make treatment more difficult

    Complete the full course, even if symptoms improve. Always get the best consultation from an expert spine surgeon.


    Q10. Does everyone with TB spine develop a hump? Can it be corrected?

    No. Not everyone develops a hump (spinal deformity).

    Deformity usually occurs in:

    • Late diagnosis
    • Inadequate treatment
    • Extensive disease

    Early treatment can prevent or minimize deformity.

    If deformity develops, it can be corrected with surgery.

    Spine Leela Logo

    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

    Visit Us at

  • Scoliosis Treatment in Vizag: Consult the Best Spine Surgeon in Vizag for Lasting Relief

    Scoliosis Treatment in Vizag: Consult the Best Spine Surgeon in Vizag for Lasting Relief

    Scoliosis Treatment in Vizag: Consult the Best Spine Surgeon in Vizag for Lasting Relief

    Home > Blog > Scoliosis Treatment in Vizag

    Scoliosis is a structural disorder in which the spine bends sideways instead of being straight. While the spine typically exhibits gentle front-to-back curves that help maintain balance and absorb shock, scoliosis involves a side-to-side bending accompanied in many cases by vertebral rotation.  This condition is most often noticed in children or teenagers, especially during periods of rapid growth, though it can affect people of any age.

    Types and causes

    • Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: It is the most common type of scoliosis, accounting for nearly 80% of all cases. It develops during adolescence and has no clearly identifiable cause. The condition is more frequently seen in girls. Although its exact cause remains unknown, a combination of genetic, hormonal, and neuromuscular factors is thought to play a role, with no single mechanism definitively established.
    • Congenital scoliosis: It results from abnormalities in vertebral development during fetal growth, such as fused, missing, or incompletely formed vertebrae.
    • Neuromuscular scoliosis: It arises secondary to conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injury, in which weakened or imbalanced muscles are unable to provide adequate support to the spine.
    • Degenerative scoliosis: It develops in older adults as a result of age-related wear and tear of the intervertebral discs and facet joints, leading to progressive spinal curvature.

    Symptoms

    Symptoms of scoliosis vary from mild to severe depending on the extent of spinal curvature. In mild cases, the condition may remain unnoticed and is often detected only during routine screening. Common visible signs include uneven shoulders, a tilted waistline, one hip appearing higher than the other, or a noticeable rib hump when bending forward. Scoliosis usually does not cause pain in children and adolescents; however, adults may experience back pain, muscle fatigue, and stiffness. In severe cases, significant spinal curvature can reduce chest cavity space, potentially leading to breathing difficulties and, in rare instances, impaired heart function due to restricted organ capacity.

    Diagnosis & Imaging tests

    Scoliosis is typically diagnosed through a physical examination. The spinal curvature becomes more apparent when the patient is asked to bend forward, a manoeuvre known as the forward bend test. X-rays are used to confirm the diagnosis and to measure the severity of the curvature using the Cobb angle. Curves less than 20 degrees are generally classified as mild, those between 20 and 40 degrees as moderate, and curves greater than 40–50 degrees as severe.

    MRI scans may be performed to rule out underlying abnormalities of the spinal cord.

    Scoliosis Treatment – MRI scans

    Follow-up and Risk of Progression:

    Growing children require regular follow-up, typically with X-rays every six months, to monitor changes in the spinal curvature. The risk of curve progression depends on several factors, including the child’s age, remaining growth potential, and the magnitude of the curve at the time of diagnosis.

    Treatment:

    Scoliosis treatment depends on the spinal curve size and the child’s expected growth. Even children with slight curves require regular follow-up to monitor whether the curvature worsens during growth—older adolescents who have stopped growing and have mild curves often do not need active treatment. Overall, management is individualised based on the patient’s age, curve severity, and risk of progression.

    Bracing:

    It is a key treatment option for moderate scoliosis, particularly in adolescents who are still growing. While braces do not correct or straighten the spine, they are effective in preventing further progression of the curve. For optimal effectiveness, the brace must be worn for about 20 hours per day and is usually worn under clothing. The success of bracing increases with the number of hours it is worn. Children wearing braces can continue to participate in most daily activities, and once growth is complete, bracing may no longer be necessary.

    Surgical correction:

    It is generally recommended for severe curves (Cobb angle greater than 50 degrees) or for deformities that are likely to progress despite conservative management. Surgery typically involves placing titanium screws into the vertebrae, connecting them with rods, and correcting the deformity through controlled manoeuvres. Bone grafts are then placed to achieve spinal fusion, which helps stabilise the spine and prevent further progression of the curve.

    Scoliosis—Before and After Surgery

    Complications of scoliosis surgery:

    Scoliosis correction is a major surgical procedure that carries the risk of several potential complications. These include significant blood loss, infection, weakness of the legs or paralysis due to injury to the spinal cord, complications related to anaesthesia, the possible need for postoperative ICU care, and problems associated with the surgical implants used for spinal stabilisation. Rarely, the spine may continue to curve above or below the surgically corrected segment, leading to a progression of curvature adjacent to the surgery site.

    Beyond medical treatments, lifestyle measures play an essential supportive role in the management of scoliosis. Physical therapy and regular exercise help improve muscle balance, posture, and core strength. Activities such as swimming, yoga, and Pilates can enhance flexibility, overall fitness, and comfort. Psychological support is equally essential, as adolescents with scoliosis may experience self-consciousness, stress, or anxiety related to body image and treatment.

    Although once considered a dreaded condition, individuals with scoliosis can now lead active and productive lives. Patients can pursue normal daily activities, and women can safely bear children even after undergoing corrective surgery. With advances in medical expertise and surgical techniques, scoliosis surgery is no longer limited to major metropolitan centres, and effective treatment can be accessed in many well-equipped hospitals closer to home.

    Scoliosis Treatment In Vizag-

    Patients of all ages can get expert evaluation and personalised treatment plans from Dr B. Leela Prasad, who is known as the Best Spine Surgeon in Vizag for Scoliosis. He is known as a trusted Scoliosis Treatment Specialist in Visakhapatnam because he has years of experience treating complicated spine deformities. He uses cutting-edge technology along with caring support to make sure that patients get the proper treatment and long-lasting relief.

    As an expert in Top Spine Surgeon Vizag Scoliosis Correction, Dr B. Leela Prasad uses both non-surgical and minimally invasive medical methods to treat scoliosis, depending on the needs of each patient. People in Vizag who want safe, effective, and long-lasting scoliosis treatment choose him. It is because he is dedicated to professional quality and patient-centred results.

     

     

     

     

     

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    Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

    Visit Us at