Spinal Deformity Correction

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Spinal Deformity Correction

Restoring Alignment and Function for a Healthier Spine

Spinal deformity correction is surgery that fixes problems with the way the spine is aligned. Skeletal problems like scoliosis (sideways curvature), kyphosis (too much forward curvature), and lordosis (too much inward curvature) can cause pain, discomfort, and problems with how the body works. The goal of spinal deformity repair is to straighten and stabilise the spine, ease pain, boost posture, and enhance quality of life in general. Rods, pins, and other hardware are often used to support the spine while it heals. The goal is to get the spine back in the right place and stop the deformity from getting worse. People with serious deformities that don’t get better with non-surgical treatments are usually told to have this surgery.

Types of Spinal Deformities

  • Scoliosis: A curve in the spine that runs from side to side, usually in the form of a “S” or “C.” It usually starts in childhood or teens and can make your shoulders, hips, or ribcage feel uneven.
  • Kyphosis: A forward curve of the upper spine that is too great usually causes a bowed or hunched back. It can happen because of getting older, problems that were there from birth, or diseases like osteoporosis.
  • Lordosis: This is an abnormal curve in the lower spine that is also called “swayback.” It can be painful and is often linked to health problems like being overweight or pregnant.
  • Flatback Syndrome: When this happens, the normal bend in the lower back is lost, making the spine look flat. This can make it hard to stand up straight and make walking uncomfortable.
  • Congenital Scoliosis: It is a very rare disease in which a person is born with a deformed spine because their vertebrae did not develop properly.
  • Degenerative Scoliosis: A type of scoliosis that mostly affects older people. It is usually caused by uneven disc atrophy that comes with getting older.
  • Scheuermann’s Disease: A type of juvenile kyphosis that makes the vertebrae look like wedges instead of straight lines, which makes the back round. It usually starts in teens and can get worse over time.
  • Postural Kyphosis: A weak form of kyphosis that is often fixable with physical therapy and exercises that improve posture.

When is Spinal Deformity Correction Needed?

Spinal deformity correction surgery is considered for:

  • Severe pain that does not respond to non-surgical treatments.
  • Significant deformity affecting posture and physical appearance.
  • Progressive curvature that worsens over time.
  • Neurological symptoms such as numbness, weakness, or difficulty walking.
  • Risk of future complications, such as spinal instability or damage to organs.

Goals of Spinal Deformity Correction Surgery

  • Restore proper alignment of the spine.
  • Relieve pain caused by pressure on nerves, muscles, or other structures.
  • Improve posture and physical appearance.
  • Stabilize the spine to prevent further progression of the deformity.

Types of Spinal Deformity Correction Procedures

Spinal Fusion

  • The most common procedure for correcting spinal deformities, where two or more vertebrae are fused together to stabilize the spine.
  • Bone grafts, screws, and rods are used to achieve fusion and prevent further deformity.

Osteotomy

  • A surgical procedure that involves removing a portion of the spine to realign vertebrae, often used for correcting kyphosis or other rigid deformities.
  • After the bone removal, spinal fusion is typically performed to stabilize the corrected spine.

VBT (Vertebral Body Tethering)

  • A less invasive procedure mainly used in growing adolescents with scoliosis, where a flexible cord is attached to the spine to gradually correct the curvature while still allowing for growth.

Growing Rods

  • Used for younger patients with severe scoliosis, this involves attaching adjustable rods to the spine that can be lengthened over time to accommodate growth and correct the curvature.

Artificial Disc Replacement

  • In cases of degenerative spinal deformity, an artificial disc may be inserted in place of a damaged disc to preserve motion in the spine.

What to Expect During Surgery

  1. Pre-Surgical Assessment: Detailed imaging (X-rays, MRI, CT scans) and physical examination are performed to evaluate the severity and specific characteristics of the deformity.
  2. Procedure: The surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia. The exact approach depends on the type of deformity and its location in the spine.
  3. Post-Surgery Care: Recovery includes monitoring for complications, managing pain, and beginning physical therapy to regain mobility and strength.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

  • Hospital Stay: Depending on the surgery, a hospital stay of several days may be necessary for recovery.
  • Physical Therapy: Crucial for restoring mobility, strengthening muscles, and improving posture.
  • Bracing: Some patients may need to wear a brace to support the spine during the healing process.
  • Pain Management: Medications are prescribed to manage discomfort during the recovery period.

Why Choose Surgery for Spinal Deformity Correction?

  • Improve Alignment and Posture: Correct spinal curvature and enhance overall posture and appearance.
  • Pain Relief: Address chronic pain caused by pressure on the nerves, muscles, and spinal structures.
  • Prevent Progression: Halt the worsening of spinal deformities and prevent future complications.
  • Enhance Quality of Life: With better alignment, pain relief, and function, patients can return to a more active and fulfilling life.

Achieve better spinal health and restore balance with expert care for spinal deformity correction.

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Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

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