Surgery for Tuberculosis Spine

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Surgery for Tuberculosis Spine

Restoring Function and Relieving Pain

Surgery for tuberculosis of the spine, also known as spinal TB or Pott’s disease, is performed when the infection causes severe deformities, neurological damage, or failure to respond to medications. The disease affects the vertebrae and can lead to bone destruction, abscess formation, and spinal cord compression. The goal of surgery is to get rid of infected tissue, drain abscesses, and stabilise the spine so that it doesn’t get worse. Procedures may include debridement (removal of infected tissue), spinal fusion to stabilise the spine, or correction of any deformities caused by the infection. To treat tuberculosis, urgery is often used with a long course of antibiotics.

What is Tuberculosis Spine?

Tuberculosis of the spine, often called Pott’s disease, is a subtype of tuberculosis (TB) that strikes the spine’s vertebrae. Spinal tuberculosis happens when tuberculosis germs infect the vertebral bones after travelling to the spine—usually through circulation. The infection has the potential to cause bone tissue damage, abscess formation, and even compression of the spinal cord or nerves. Back pain, stiffness, weakness, numbness, and paralysis can happen if you don’t take care of this problem. Long courses of antibiotics are the standard treatment for tuberculosis of the spine. In extreme instances, surgery to stabilise the spine and remove infected tissue may be required.

It typically affects the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine and can lead to:

  • Destruction of vertebrae.
  • Spinal deformities such as kyphosis (hunchback).
  • Compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots, resulting in pain, weakness, or paralysis.
  • Abscess formation in the spine or surrounding tissues.

When is Surgery Recommended?

Surgery for tuberculosis spine is considered in the following situations:

  • Persistent neurological deficits (e.g., weakness, paralysis) due to nerve or spinal cord compression.
  • Spinal instability or deformity leading to significant pain or mobility issues.
  • Large abscesses causing pressure or threatening to spread to other areas.
  • Failure of conservative treatment with anti-tubercular therapy.

Goals of Surgery for Tuberculosis Spine

  • Relieve spinal cord or nerve compression.
  • Stabilize the spine to prevent further deformity.
  • Remove infected or necrotic tissue.
  • Correct spinal alignment and improve mobility.

Types of Surgical Procedures

Debridement and Drainage

Removal of infected or necrotic tissue and abscesses to reduce infection and alleviate pressure.

Spinal Decompression

Techniques like laminectomy or corpectomy to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Spinal Fusion and Stabilization

Placement of bone grafts, screws, or rods to stabilize the spine and restore alignment.

Kyphosis Correction

Surgical correction of spinal deformities to improve posture and reduce pain.

What to Expect During Surgery

  1. Pre-Surgical Assessment: Imaging studies like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to evaluate the extent of infection and damage.
  2. Procedure: Performed under general anesthesia, using minimally invasive or open surgical techniques as needed.
  3. Post-Surgical Care: Anti-tubercular therapy continues after surgery to ensure complete eradication of infection. Physical therapy is often recommended for rehabilitation.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery after surgery for tuberculosis spine depends on the severity of the condition and the type of procedure performed. Most patients can expect:

  • Gradual improvement in pain and mobility.
  • Close monitoring for infection recurrence.
  • Supportive care with bracing, if required, to stabilize the spine during healing.

Early Diagnosis and Treatment are Key

Tuberculosis spine can have serious consequences if left untreated. Early diagnosis, a comprehensive treatment plan, and timely surgery when needed can significantly improve outcomes, reduce complications, and restore quality of life.

Take control of your spine health and start your recovery journey today.

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Dr. B. Leela Prasad is one of the country’s most renowned orthopedic doctors, with over 15 years of experience in the field. After earning his medical degree from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, he pursued post-graduation in Orthopedics at Guntur Medical College.

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